{"product_id":"9781441948076","title":"Practical Bilevel Optimization","description":"The use of optimization techniques has become integral to the design and analysis of most industrial and socio-economic systems. Great strides have been made recently in the solution of large-scale problems arising in such areas as production planning, airline scheduling, government regulation, and engineering design, to name a few. Analysts have found, however, that standard mathematical programming models are often inadequate in these situations because more than a single objective function and a single decision maker are involved. Multiple objective programming deals with the extension of optimization techniques to account for several objective functions, while game theory deals with the inter-personal dynamics surrounding conflict. Bilevel programming, the focus of this book, is in a narrow sense the combination of the two. It addresses the problern in which two decision makers, each with their individual objectives, act and react in a noncooperative, sequential manner. The actions of one affect the choices and payoffs available to the other but neither player can completely dominate the other in the traditional sense.","brand":"Jonathan F. Bard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46694647071038,"sku":"9781441948076","price":8995.51,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4357\/7662\/products\/9781441948076_b867d900-4e14-4e5a-9e8e-b10e07b7f9ff.jpg?v=1707461949","url":"https:\/\/exclusivebooks.co.za\/products\/9781441948076","provider":"Exclusive Books Online","version":"1.0","type":"link"}