{"product_id":"9783319813028","title":"Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease","description":"Vitamin D deficiency, circulating levels lower than 15 ng\/ml, is an epidemic disease worldwide with  more than a billion people suffering of it in the beginning of the 21-century. Besides its impact on mineral and bone metabolism, these low vitamin D levels are also associated with a diversity of non-skeletal complications, among them cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, cancer, tuberculosis, and immune system dysfunction. Chronic Kidney Disease is also a very common disease, affecting more than 10% of the world population, ranging from stage 1 to stage 5 before dialysis. Approximately 1% of the population in industrialized countries is affected by end-stage renal disease (ESRD), needing a renal replacement therapy either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and ultimately by renal transplantation. Those CKD patients are more susceptible to exhibit reduced vitamin D stocks. Consequently, more than eighty percent of CKD patients have either insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels for multiple reasons.","brand":"Pablo A. Ureña Torres","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47595681186110,"sku":"9783319813028","price":0.0,"currency_code":"ZAR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4357\/7662\/products\/9783319813028.jpg?v=1707708573","url":"https:\/\/exclusivebooks.co.za\/products\/9783319813028","provider":"Exclusive Books Online","version":"1.0","type":"link"}