Paul Klee

The fact that Paul Klee (1879 - 1940) consistently intertwined the visual and the verbal in his art has long fascinated commentators from Walter Benjamin to Michel Foucault. However, the questions it prompts have never been satisfactorily answered - until now. In Paul Klee, Annie Bourneuf offers the first full account of the interplay between the visible and the legible in Klee's works from the 1910s and 1920s. Bourneuf argues that Klee joined these elements to invite a manner of viewing that would unfold in time, a process analogous to reading. From his elaborate titles to the small scale he favored to his metaphoric play with materials, Klee created forms that hover between the pictorial and the written, and his concern for literary aspects of visual art was both the motive for and the means of his ironic play with modernist art theories and practices. Through his unique approach, he subverted forms of modernist painting that were generally seen - along with film and other new technologies - as threats to a mode of slow, contemplative viewing.Tracing the fraught relations among seeing, reading, and imagining in early twentieth-century Germany, Bourneuf ultimately shows how Klee reimagined abstraction at a key moment in its development.

"By far the historically most thorough and perceptive investigation of the role of reading and writing in Klee's work, this study is an excellent contribution to Klee scholarship and certainly the best book on him available today. Bourneuf introduces a significant number of little-known passages from Klee's own writings or early criticism into the discussion, and her interpretations of individual works are masterfully crafted." -Ralph Ubl, University of Basel "Klee continues to fascinate us as a painter, printmaker, and draftsman, but we are also drawn to his activities as a teacher, theorist, and writer. Bourneuf has provided a wonderfully provocative and nuanced reading that highlights the sometimes ambiguous and even ambivalent tension that arose for Klee at the intersection of these activities. This is a sophisticated work that contributes to the scholarship on Klee, the history of abstraction, and the historiography of Modernism as well as the critical issues that frame image making/writing and reading/seeing." -Anna Sigridur Arnar, Minnesota State University Moorhead

Annie Bourneuf is assistant professor of art history at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.