Smoother Pebbles

Until the middle of the twentieth century, few thought of science as a social system, instead seeing scientific discovery as the work of individual geniuses. Columbia University’s Department of Sociology played a pivotal role in advancing the social study of science. Researchers of the “Columbia Program” analyzed how science works as a social institution, exploring its norms, values, and structure.Smoother Pebbles presents a collection of essays authored or coauthored by Jonathan R. Cole, a leading Columbia Program figure, that trace the development and institutionalization of the sociology of science. Spanning from the 1960s into the 2020s and including both empirical and theoretical studies of science, the book is at once wide-ranging and united by core questions. Are scientists rewarded for the merits of their work or for other reasons? How does the system of social stratification in science operate? Has the funding of scientists been the result of an “old boys’ network”? How fair is the peer review process? In what ways does science fall short of its universalistic ideals? What factors have constrained opportunities for women in science? How has science fared amid attacks on academic freedom and free inquiry at universities? Cole’s introduction contextualizes both individual essays and the major concerns of the Columbia Program. Smoother Pebbles is essential reading for those interested in the growth and crucial questions of the sociology and social studies of science.

Jonathan Cole played a vital role in the Merton program in the sociology of science. He also was one of the most influential US university administrators, shaping the intellectual landscape at Columbia University and other institutions, and in recent years he has become one of the most important voices defending universities. This book draws together the most important papers he has written or co-written in all these areas, with a strong introduction that is part memoir and partly an explanation of how these varied topics fit together., Smoother Pebbles reminds us of the great contribution to the field that Jonathan Cole has made and allows us to trace the evolution of his views over the years.

Jonathan R. Cole is John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University at Columbia University, where he was provost and dean of faculties from 1989 to 2003. His scholarly work has focused on the development of the sociology of science and on the American research university. Cole is the author or editor of a dozen books, most recently Toward a More Perfect University (2016).