Forensic and Legal Medicine

A comprehensive and accessible resource covering all aspects of forensic and legal medicine. The text provides a foundation for those working in both the clinical and forensic aspects of care and will also be an asset to those involved in the police or judicial systems. Including clear guidelines for practical applications, and further enhanced by its many illustrations and case examples, this text is a valuable resource in an increasingly complex field. The authoritative work is written by those who have extensive experience for a wide audience including, but not limited to, forensic pathologists, general pathologists, pediatric pathologists, forensic physicians, forensic scientists, coroners, emergency department physicians, judges and legal practitioners.Chapter 62 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

Jason Payne-James is a Specialist in Forensic and Legal Medicine and is based in the UK. He has been a forensic physician for 30 years. Previously he worked in hospital medicine, predominantly in surgical, trauma and gastroenterological specialties. He has published on a wide range of subjects including injury, wound and scar documentation and interpretation, imaging of injury and scars, clinical and ethical aspects of healthcare in custody, complaints against healthcare professionals, forensic evidence collection, restraint and less-lethal systems, miscarriages of justice, harm and death in custody and torture. He is Honorary Clinical Professor, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; Lead Medical Examiner – Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust; external Consultant to the UK National Crime Agency; former Editor-in-Chief - Journal of Forensic & Legal Medicine; Member of the Executive Committee, European Council of Legal Medicine; Visiting Professor at the University of Belgrade, Serbia; member of the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on the Medical Implications of Less-Lethal Weapons; member of the International Forensic Expert Group of the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims. He was President of the Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians, London (2015-2017); President of the World Police Medical Officers (2011-2014). He has co-authored & co-edited a variety of publications including the Encyclopedia of Forensic & Legal Medicine with Roger Byard (1st & 2nd editions); Symptoms and Signs of Substance Misuse (3 editions); he is lead author of the 13th and 14th Editions of Simpson’s Forensic Medicine; he co-authored the Oxford Handbook of Forensic Medicine. He co-edited Age Estimation in the Living Current Practice in Forensic Medicine (1st & 2nd volumes); Monitoring Detention, Custody, Torture and Ill-treatment. He designed the ForensiGraph® and the ForensiDoc® App. He was lead editor on the 1st Edition of Forensic Medicine: Clinical & Pathological Aspects.Professor Roger Byard AO PSM DSc BMedSci, MB, BS, MMedSci-Paed, PhD, MD, CCFP, FCAP, FRCPC, FRCPath, FRCPA(Hon), FFFLM, FFSc, FAHMS holds the George Richard Marks Chair of Pathology at The University of Adelaide and is a Senior Specialist Forensic Pathologist at Forensic Science SA in Adelaide, Australia. He qualified in medicine in Australia in 1978 (University of Tasmania) and became a licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada in 1982 (LMCC). He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists of the United Kingdom, a Fellow of the College of American Pathologists, a Fellow of the National Association of Medical Examiners in the United States, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and has a certification in Family Medicine from the Canadian College of Family Physicians. He was a Foundation Fellow of the Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicia