Truth and History in the Ancient World

This collection of essays investigates histories in the ancient world and the extent to which the producers and consumers of those histories believed them to be true. Ancient Greek historiographers repeatedly stressed the importance of truth to history; yet they also purported to believe in myth, distorted facts for nationalistic or moralizing purposes, and omitted events that modern audiences might consider crucial to a truthful account of the past. Truth and History in the Ancient World explores a pluralistic concept of truth – one in which different versions of the same historical event can all be true – or different kinds of truths and modes of belief are contingent on culture. Beginning with comparisons between historiography and aspects of belief in Greek tragedy, chapters include discussions of historiography through the works of Herodotus, Xenophon, and Ktesias, as well as Hellenistic and later historiography, material culture in Vitruvius, and Lucian’s satire. Rather than investigate whether historiography incorporates elements of poetic, rhetorical, or narrative techniques to shape historical accounts, or whether cultural memory is flexible or manipulated, this volume examines pluralities of truth and belief within the ancient world – and consequences for our understanding of culture, ancient or otherwise.

"Different stories have always been told about the past, and ancient writers knew it. Could these stories all be true, or true in the same way? Did writers of history see truth in the same way as philosophers or poets or dramatists did, or as we do? Those are the questions that this collection of outstanding essays explores, and fundamental issues of fictionality, of genre, and of truth itself are illuminated along the way."- Christopher Pelling, University of Oxford, UK"The various contributions of this book on the status of reality and truth in history among the ancients demonstrate that there was not one possible approach, and that each literary and methodological genre proposed solutions that still question modern researchers."- Antonio Gonzales, ISTA/Université de Franche-Comté (Besançon), France, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2017

Lisa Irene Hau is Lecturer in Classics at the University of Glasgow, UK. She has published articles on Greek historiography, moralising and narrative technique, and she is working on a book on moral didacticism in Greek historiography. She is co-editor of Beyond the Battlefields: New Perspectives on Warfare and Society in the Graeco-Roman World (2008).Ian Ruffell is Lecturer in Classics at the University of Glasgow, UK. He is author of Politics and Anti-Realism in Athenian Old Comedy: the Art of the Impossible (2011) and Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound (2012).