Eurasian Business and Economics Perspectives

This is the 28th issue of the Springer’s series Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics, which is the official book series of the Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES, www.ebesweb.org). This issue includes selected papers presented at the 41st EBES Conference – Berlin that was held on October 12-14, 2022 and jointly be organized with GLO (The Global Labor Organization) and in collaboration with the FOM University of Applied Sciences. The conference was held both in hybrid with both in-person and online paper presentation format.

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin graduated from the Department of Labor Economics at the Faculty of Economics at Istanbul University (1994) where he also earned an M.A. degree in Labor Economics (1996). Professor Bilgin received his Ph.D. from the Department of Economics at Abant Izzet Baysal University in 2000. After spent 3 years as Research Assistant at the Department of Economics at Abant Izzet Banysal University, he joined Kadir Has University as an assistant professor in 2000. In 2005, he started serving as an associate professor in macroeconomics and became a full professor at the Department of International Economic Integration at Istanbul Medeniyet University in 2011. He taught at Kadir Has University between 2000-2011 and served as the head of the Department of International Finance at the same university during 2009-2011. Since 2011, he has been teaching at Faculty of Political Sciences at Istanbul Medeniyet University and served as a part-time professor at Yeditepe University between 2011-2014. Professor Bilgin has many articles published in reputed international journals indexed by scientific databases and research papers presented at international conferences as well as published academic books, plenty of articles both published and presented at the conferences on a national scale. He is the founder of Istanbul Economic Research Association and currently serves as the Chairman. He is also the founder of an international scholarly association called EBES (Eurasia Business and Economics Society) and currently serves as the Vice President. He has also been active as a consultant in several institutions, a newspaper columnist, and featured in several television programs.Dr. Hakan Danis works at CitiBank. Prior to this position, he was the Director in Economic Scenarios and OpRisk Modeling at US Bank and MUFG (USA) and worked at the Spanish multinational global bank Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) in USA as Senior Economist. He is one ofthe founders and first President of EBES. He also worked at Kadir Has University (Turkey) as a research assistant. He has published articles in many of the leading economics and finance journals and currently serves as the Managing Editor of Eurasian Economic Review (a Springer Journal) which is indexed in SCOPUS. He was guest editor at Emerging Markets Finance & Trade (EMFT) (SSCI) and Singapore Economic Review (SER) (SSCI) multiple times and published several academic books. His current research and teaching interests include monetary policy, nonlinear applied time series, risk management in financial institutions and macroeconomics. He holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Georgia (USA), M.A. and B.A. in Economics from Marmara University (Turkey).Ender Demir is an Associate Professor of finance at the Department of Business Administration, School of Social Sciences in Reykjavik University, Iceland. Dr. Demir has received his Ph.D. in Business from Ca Foscari University, Italy. He spent