Nonradiative Recombination Parameters in Semiconductors

This book provides a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of the determination of nonradiative recombination parameters in semiconductors, with particular emphasis on the photothermal deflection technique (PTD) as a powerful, non-destructive analytical tool. By combining experimental methodologies with advanced theoretical modeling, it offers a coherent approach for understanding carrier transport and recombination mechanisms in both bulk materials and complex semiconductor structures.The opening chapter presents an up-to-date overview of photothermal techniques used in semiconductor characterization, including the Mirage Effect, photothermal radiometry, and photo-reflectance. These methods are discussed in terms of their physical principles and their capability to probe carrier transport, recombination processes, and electronic diffusivity through measurements of refractive index variations, infrared emissions, and reflectivity changes. Their relevance to modern optoelectronic device development and advanced material systems is highlighted.The experimental implementation of the photothermal deflection technique is then described in detail. The book outlines the operating principles of PTD, including thermal-wave generation under modulated optical excitation and probe beam deflection induced by refractive index gradients. The complete instrumentation is presented, covering excitation, detection, and data acquisition systems, with particular attention to signal processing and phase-sensitive detection.Subsequent chapters develop the theoretical models required for interpreting PTD measurements. A one-layer theoretical model is first introduced for bulk semiconductors, providing analytical tools for extracting key parameters such as carrier lifetime, electronic diffusivity, diffusion length, and surface recombination velocity. The discussion is then extended to a two-layer theoretical model suitable for semiconductor heterostructures, where the influence of substrates, interfaces, and surfaces must be taken into account. This approach enables accurate characterization of transport properties in layered systems and is illustrated through applications to a variety of compound semiconductors.Finally, the book presents an advanced three-layer theoretical model designed for complex heterostructures, including quantum-dot systems such as GaAs/InAs/GaAs architectures. By coupling carrier diffusion and heat transport across multiple regions, this model allows for a detailed analysis of electronic properties and recombination mechanisms. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of structural parameters, such as quantum-dot density, on carrier lifetime, mobility, diffusivity, and recombination dynamics.Overall, this book offers a unified and in-depth treatment of photothermal techniques for semiconductor analysis, making it a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students working in semiconductor physics, optoelectronics, and mater

Soufiene Ilahi is currently an Associate Professor in Materials Physics at the Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia. He is also the Head of the Physics Group at the Laboratory of Physics, Mathematics and Quantum Concepts (IPEIN), University of Carthage, Tunisia.He specializes in photothermal deflection techniques and photothermal spectroscopy, with a focus on non-destructive evaluation and quality assessment of materials. His areas of expertise include nonradiative recombination parameters, thermal diffusivity, optical and thermal depth profiling, and advanced detection methods.His research focuses on the non-destructive characterization of semiconductors using photothermal deflection techniques, as well as on the development and improvement of these methods from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, with applications in advanced optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices.He has authored over 30 publications in high-impact peer-reviewed journals and has presented his work at more than 26 international conferences. He is also the author of two textbooks and has contributed to three book chapters.