Chemical Mixtures and Combined Chemical and Nonchemical Stressors

In this book, both basic and advanced concepts are discussed for considering mixtures from initial exposure characterization through evaluation of risk associated with combined exposures. This book will provide an introduction to key issues and multiple options for evaluating both the toxicity of mixtures as well as the risk associated with exposure to mixtures. Additionally, promising tools adapted from other disciplines will be discussed in the context of mixtures toxicology and risk assessment. Finally, the discussion will move beyond chemical mixtures to address incorporating non-chemical stressors into toxicity studies and cumulative risk assessments.  Although exposure to multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors is the rule, not the exception, consideration of mixtures in toxicology and risk assessment continues to be a significant challenge. This book will be an essential resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of toxicology, epidemiology, exposure science, risk assessment, and statistics.

Dr. Cynthia Rider is a toxicologist with the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, where she has been actively involved in mixtures research including work with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and herbal products.  She received her B.S. from Tulane University and her Ph.D. from North Carolina State University in Environmental Toxicology.  She completed post-doctoral training in the Reproductive Toxicology Branch of the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke University.  Dr. Rider has been an active member of the mixtures community through reviewing papers, serving on an EPA panel on cumulative risk assessment of phthalates, and developing mixtures-related scientific program proposals for Society of Toxicology annual meetings. Jane Ellen Simmons is Chief of the Pharmacokinetics Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA. She received an MSPH in Environmental Management and Protection and a PhD in Toxicology from the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research focus areas include: models, methods and approaches for both defined mixtures and environmentally realistic complex mixtures; integrating chemical and toxicological evaluations of chemical mixtures; and much more. She is a Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology. She co-chaired the International Toxicology of Mixtures Conference and has served on the HiWate Science Advisory Board, on review panels for the Food and Drug Administration and North Carolina State University and Advisor to the US EPA RTP Chapter of the National Training Leadership Organization. Dr. Simmons has also authored more than 90 peer-reviewed journal articles and 15 book chapters and reports.