Breast Cancer: From Bench to Personalized Medicine

This book provides detailed information on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies for breast cancer. The first section of the book presents epidemiology, risk factors, histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer based on the receptor status. It also discusses the association of breast cancer with other hormone-sensitive cancers. The second section of the book covers cover BRCA1 and BRCA2-associated breast carcinogenesis, early-stage progression of breast cancer, and noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer. It also discusses the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs in breast cancer metastasis and explores these as the biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer therapy.Further, it discusses the role of fibrinolytic mechanisms and circulating tumor cells in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The book also provides an update on oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to treat breast cancer. Finally, it offers potential new options for personalized therapies for breast cancer patients, including optimizing drug dosage and identifying genetic changes associated with cancer symptom occurrence and severity.

Dr. Saima Shakil Malik is currently working as Researcher at Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham. She has obtained her Ph.D. in Biotechnology from Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi. Previously she has worked as Scientific Officer at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi, Assistant Professor at University of Gujrat and Visiting Researcher at the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK. Her research interests are focused on Molecular Oncology, emphasizing disease Epidemiology, Post-translational modifications, Epigenetics, DNA repair mechanisms, Drugs associated cytotoxicity, and Gene-environment interaction. She has worked on many research projects funded by national and international organizations. She is also a part of the editorial board of several journals, including Translational Oncology, Cancer Treatment, and Research Communications and current problems in cancer-case reports.Dr. Nosheen Masood is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. She completed her Ph.D. in Human Molecular Genetics at the Department of Biosciences at COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Her main research interests include molecular biology and cancer genetics, focusing on epidemiological studies, risk assessment, genomic analysis, immunohistochemistry-based diagnostics, and protein-protein interactions. She has been received various prestigious awards, notably, the Research Productivity Award 2014-2015 from the Pakistan Council of Science and Technology (PCST) category D, and Research Productivity Awards from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology for six consecutive years from 2010 to15. She has served as a reviewer for several international journals and has teaching experience in biotechnology, molecular biology, comparative genomics, environmental biology, regulation of gene expression, and molecular evolution. Dr. Masood has published several research articles in respected, peer-reviewed international journals and authored or co-authored various book chapters.