Using Statistics in Small-Scale Language Education Research

Assuming no familiarity with statistical methods, this text for language education research methods and statistics courses provides detailed guidance and instruction on principles of designing, conducting, interpreting, reading, and evaluating statistical research done in classroom settings or with a small number of participants. While three different types of statistics are addressed (descriptive, parametric, non-parametric) the emphasis is on non-parametric statistics because they are appropriate when the number of participants is small and the conditions for use of parametric statistics are not satisfied. The emphasis on non-parametric statistics is unique and complements the growing interest among second and foreign language educators in doing statistical research in classrooms. Designed to help students and other language education researchers to identify and use analyses that are appropriate for their studies, taking into account the number of participants and the shape of the data distribution, the text includes sample studies to illustrate the important points in each chapter and exercises to promote understanding of the concepts and the development of practical research skills. Mathematical operations are explained in detail, and step-by-step illustrations in the use of R (a very powerful, online, freeware program) to perform all calculations are provided.A Companion Website extends and enhances the text with PowerPoint presentations illustrating how to carry out calculations and use R; practice exercises with answer keys; data sets in Excel MS-DOS format; and quiz, midterm, and final problems with answer keys.

"The clear and systematic writing style and many concrete examples from language education research make this book an excellent entry point to quantitative research for even those who might be afraid of statistics. Its coverage of non-parametric statistics is particularly useful."Ari Huhta, University of Jyväskylä, Finland"This book helps readers to understand basic statistical logics and principles, and to analyze and interpret their data using, the freeware statistical program R, available online. It is suitable for language teachers who may not be satisfied with statistical resources that have many intimidating numbers and formulas but without relevant language learning and teaching contexts" Sun-Young Shin, Indiana University, Bloomington, USAThe strength of Turner’s book is that it never loses sight of the target audience: language teachers or novice researchers who want to conduct research in their individual contexts with nonrandom and small or unequal samples sizes, which are likely to require the application of nonparametric statistical procedures. In addition, those without access to expensive software like SPSS or with limited knowledge of how to get started using the free software R will find this book an invaluable addition to their personal library." Aaron C. Sponseller, JALT Journal

Jean L. Turner is Professor, TESOL/TFL Program, Monterey Institute of International Studies, USA.