Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models

With the latest developments in generative artificial intelligence (AI) and large language model (LLM) applications, like ChatGPT and Gemini, millions of people have started using them in their personal and professional lives. Interest in them continues to grow and they are becoming the go-to applications for students, academics, engineers, lawyers, designers, writers, media experts, programmers, politicians, artists, and citizens across the globe. However, understanding these applications can be challenging with little advice out there. This book cuts through the jargon to explain the ‘what’, ‘why’ and ‘how’ of generative AI and LLM applications.This book summarizes experiences from a variety of applications, relevant to our daily lives. It brings together scientific-based experience reports from different perspectives into a one-stop title. With an international outlook and featuring global case studies, it offers insights into the beneficial use of LLMs and generative AI including future trends for how the journey of using such amazing tools will continue in the future. This book details the history of AI, reviews LLM literature and covers neural computing and the technical foundation of LLMs. Furthermore, the use and control of LLMs in education is covered. Through reading this book, the reader will develop a full understanding of AI and LLM applications, including knowledge of the key issues of trust, legality, security and technical foundations.Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models: A Scientific Perspective will appeal to students and academics, as well as people interested in the use of LLMs and generative AI for professional or everyday tasks, including those in Human Factors, Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science, Software Engineering and Industrial Engineering.

Abbas Moallem is a Consultant and Adjunct Professor at San Jose State University, California, USA, where he teaches courses in human-computer interaction, cybersecurity, information visualization, and human factors. He serves as the Program Chair of HCI-CPT: The International Conference on HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy, and Trust, and is the Chair for the International Conference on Human Factors in Cybersecurity. Dr. Moallem has worked with and consulted for numerous organizations, including PeopleSoft, Oracle Corporation, Tumbleweed, Axway, Applied Materials, Lam Research, and ASM International. His consulting expertise spans a variety of industries across Europe, Canada, and the United States. He is the editor of Human-Computer Interaction and Cybersecurity Handbook (2024) and Smart and Intelligent Systems (2024), and the author of Cybersecurity Awareness Among College Students and Faculty (2019), Understanding Cybersecurity Technologies (2024) and Human Factors Analysis of 23 Cyberattacks (2025), all published by CRC Press. Additionally, Dr. Moallem is the editor of a book series from CRC Press titled The Human Element in Smart and Intelligent Systems.Helmut Degen is a Senior Key Expert for User Experience at Siemens Corporation in Princeton, NJ, USA. His research focuses on the intersection of trust, value, and efficiency in human-computer interaction, with a particular emphasis on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). At Siemens, he leads initiatives that explore how AI systems can be made trustworthy and user-centric. Helmut also serves as co-chair of the annual international conference “AI in HCI,” affiliated with the HCI International Conference. He holds a Master of Science degree from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, and earned his Ph.D. in Information Science from the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.Stavroula Ntoa is a Computer Scientist specialising in Design for All, software accessibility, usability engineering, and User Experience (UX) research and design. She is a Principal Researcher at the HCI Laboratory of the Institute of Computer Science of the Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (ICS-FORTH), Greece, leading the accessible UX research and design activities of the lab. Her research interests focus on Design for All and Universal Access of modern interactive technologies, adaptive and intelligent interfaces, as well as inclusiveness and user experience research in intelligent and Artificial Intelligence environments. She serves as co-chair of the annual International Conference “AI in HCI,” affiliated with the HCI International Conference.