Search results for "Mathiak"
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Mathematik
"Es gibt kaum ein Gebiet der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik, das sich ohne die mathematische Behandlung der Probleme weiterentwickeln lieJ3e. Selbst fiir technische Yerfahren, deren wesentliches Kennzeichen heute noch die praktische Erfahrung ist, wird die: '.Iathematik in zunehmendem Mal3e zum unentbehrlichen Hilfsmittel. Auch in auJ3er- technischen Bereichen wie in der Wirtschaft ist die Mathematik zur Lasung vieler Fragen unentbehrlich geworden. - L'm dieser Entwicklung Rechnung zu tragen, hat sich der Akademische Verein Hiitte entschlossen, einen Sonderband "Mathematische Formeln und Tafeln" herauszugeben" (Zitat aus dem Vorwort der 1.Auflage). Es gab noch andere Griinde, aus dem Abschnitt "Mathematik" der HUTTE I einen besonderen Band zu machen. Einer dieser Griinde war, dal3 die in der 28. Auflage von HUTTE I vereinigten Gebiete heute nicht mehr in einem Band unterzubringen sind. An der in HUTTE I verwirklichten Idee, dem Ingenieur die fiir sein Gebiet relevanten "Theo- retischen Grundlagen" nahezubringen, halt der Herausgeber auch weiterhin fest. In neuer Form verwirklicht - zumindest in den Anfangen - findet der Leser diese Idee in der nun- mehr vorliegenden 2. Auflage der "Mathematik" sowie in der zweibandigen "Physik- hiitte" 1), die 1971 noch im Verlag Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn erschienen ist.
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Mathias of Maryland
Senator Charles "Mac" Mathias was a lifelong Republican who easily won every election in a 26-year congressional career in otherwise heavily Democratic Maryland. Mathias was a courageous risk-taker who led efforts to advance civil rights, voting rights, environmental initiatives to clean up the Chesapeake Bay, and establish the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. On foreign policy, he was an early critic of the Vietnam War and a consistent advocate of bipartisan action on nuclear arms control, Middle East peace and sanctions against apartheid South Africa. His story, captured here by senior staff members and leading members of Congress, is an inspiring example of what a principled and courageous political leader can do when he follows his conscience and is willing to take on not just the opposition, but his own party. His thoughtful leadership and bipartisan spirit led (then) Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield to call him "the conscience of the Senate." His remarkable career is a stark reminder of the days when the Republican Party stood for the rule of law, respect for the Constitution and a balanced foreign policy.
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Leśniewski's Systems of Logic and Foundations of Mathematics
This meticulous critical assessment of the ground-breaking work of philosopher Stanislaw Leśniewski focuses exclusively on primary texts and explores the full range of output by one of the master logicians of the Lvov-Warsaw school. The author’s nuanced survey eschews secondary commentary, analyzing Leśniewski's core philosophical views and evaluating the formulations that were to have such a profound influence on the evolution of mathematical logic. One of the undisputed leaders of the cohort of brilliant logicians that congregated in Poland in the early twentieth century, Leśniewski was a guide and mentor to a generation of celebrated analytical philosophers (Alfred Tarski was his PhD student). His primary achievement was a system of foundational mathematical logic intended as an alternative to the Principia Mathematica of Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. Its three strands—‘protothetic’, ‘ontology’, and ‘mereology’, are detailed in discrete sections of this volume, alongside a wealth other chapters grouped to provide the fullest possible coverage of Leśniewski’s academic output. With material on his early philosophical views, his contributions to set theory and his work on nominalism and higher-order quantification, this book offers a uniquely expansive critical commentary on one of analytical philosophy’s great pioneers.
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Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics
One can distinguish, roughly speaking, two different approaches to the philosophy of mathematics. On the one hand, some philosophers (and some mathematicians) take the nature and the results of mathematicians' activities as given, and go on to ask what philosophical morals one might perhaps find in their story. On the other hand, some philosophers, logicians and mathematicians have tried or are trying to subject the very concepts which mathematicians are using in their work to critical scrutiny. In practice this usually means scrutinizing the logical and linguistic tools mathematicians wield. Such scrutiny can scarcely help relying on philosophical ideas and principles. In other words it can scarcely help being literally a study of language, truth and logic in mathematics, albeit not necessarily in the spirit of AJ. Ayer. As its title indicates, the essays included in the present volume represent the latter approach. In most of them one of the fundamental concepts in the foundations of mathematics and logic is subjected to a scrutiny from a largely novel point of view. Typically, it turns out that the concept in question is in need of a revision or reconsideration or at least can be given a new twist. The results of such a re-examination are not primarily critical, however, but typically open up new constructive possibilities. The consequences of such deconstructions and reconstructions are often quite sweeping, and are explored in the same paper or in others.
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Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics
One can distinguish, roughly speaking, two different approaches to the philosophy of mathematics. On the one hand, some philosophers (and some mathematicians) take the nature and the results of mathematicians' activities as given, and go on to ask what philosophical morals one might perhaps find in their story. On the other hand, some philosophers, logicians and mathematicians have tried or are trying to subject the very concepts which mathematicians are using in their work to critical scrutiny. In practice this usually means scrutinizing the logical and linguistic tools mathematicians wield. Such scrutiny can scarcely help relying on philosophical ideas and principles. In other words it can scarcely help being literally a study of language, truth and logic in mathematics, albeit not necessarily in the spirit of AJ. Ayer. As its title indicates, the essays included in the present volume represent the latter approach. In most of them one of the fundamental concepts in the foundations of mathematics and logic is subjected to a scrutiny from a largely novel point of view. Typically, it turns out that the concept in question is in need of a revision or reconsideration or at least can be given a new twist. The results of such a re-examination are not primarily critical, however, but typically open up new constructive possibilities. The consequences of such deconstructions and reconstructions are often quite sweeping, and are explored in the same paper or in others.
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Mathematics as a Science of Patterns
Mathematics as a Science of Patterns is the definitive exposition of a system of ideas about the nature of mathematics which Michael Resnik has been elaborating for a number of years. In calling mathematics a science he implies that it has a factual subject-matter and that mathematical knowledge is on a par with other scientific knowledge; in calling it a science of patterns he expresses his commitment to a structuralist philosophy ofmathematics. He links this to a defence of realism about the metaphysics of mathematics—the view that mathematics is about things that really exist. Resnik's distinctive philosophy of mathematics is here presented in an accessible and systematic form: it will be of value not only to specialists in this area, but to philosophers, mathematicians, and logicians interested in the relationship between these three disciplines, or in truth, realism, and epistemology.
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Mathematicians at war
Numerous scientists have taken part in the war effort during World War I, but few gave it the passionate energy of the prominent Italian mathematician Volterra. As a convinced supporter of the cause of Britain and France, he struggled vigorously to carry Italy into the war in May 1915 and then developed a frenetic activity to support the war effort, going himself to the front, even though he was 55. This activity found an adequate echo with his French colleagues Borel, Hadamard and Picard. The huge correspondence they exchanged during the war, gives an extraordinary view of these activities, and raises numerous fundamental questions about the role of a scientist, and particularly a mathematician during WW I. It also offers a vivid documentation about the intellectual life of the time ; Volterra’s and Borel’s circles in particular were extremely wide and the range of their interests was not limited to their field of specialization. The book proposes the complete transcription of the aforementioned correspondence, annotated with numerous footnotes to give details on the contents. It also offers a general historical introduction to the context of the letters and several complements on themes related to the academic exchanges between France and Italy during the war.
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Principles of Mathematics Revisited
This book, written by one of philosophy's pre-eminent logicians, argues that many of the basic assumptions common to logic, philosophy of mathematics and metaphysics are in need of change. It is therefore a book of critical importance to logical theory. Jaakko Hintikka proposes a new basic first-order logic and uses it to explore the foundations of mathematics. This new logic enables logicians to express on the first-order level such concepts as equicardinality, infinity, and truth in the same language. The famous impossibility results by Gödel and Tarski that have dominated the field for the last sixty years turn out to be much less significant than has been thought. All of ordinary mathematics can in principle be done on this first-order level, thus dispensing with the existence of sets and other higher-order entities.
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Logos and Máthēma
The volume contains twenty essays devoted to the philosophy of mathematics and the history of logic. They have been divided into four parts: general philosophical problems of mathematics, Hilbert’s program vs. the incompleteness phenomenon, philosophy of mathematics in Poland, mathematical logic in Poland. Among considered problems are: epistemology of mathematics, the meaning of the axiomatic method, existence of mathematical objects, distinction between proof and truth, undefinability of truth, Gödel’s theorems and computer science, philosophy of mathematics in Polish mathematical and logical schools, beginnings of mathematical logic in Poland, contribution of Polish logicians to recursion theory.
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Mathematics as a Science of Patterns
Mathematics as a Science of Patterns is the definitive exposition of a system of ideas about the nature of mathematics which Michael Resnik has been elaborating for a number of years. In calling mathematics a science he implies that it has a factual subject-matter and that mathematical knowledge is on a par with other scientific knowledge; in calling it a science of patterns he expresses his commitment to a structuralist philosophy ofmathematics. He links this to a defence of realism about the metaphysics of mathematics—the view that mathematics is about things that really exist. Resnik's distinctive philosophy of mathematics is here presented in an accessible and systematic form: it will be of value not only to specialists in this area, but to philosophers, mathematicians, and logicians interested in the relationship between these three disciplines, or in truth, realism, and epistemology.
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Mathematik am Computer
Dieses Buch folgt dem sich seit einigen Jahren verstärkenden Trend, Computer in der Ausbildung von Mathematik-, Ingenieur-, Physik- und Informatikstudenten einzusetzen. Viele mathematische Sachverhalte lassen sich durch numerisches oder symbolisches Rechnen didaktisch gut veranschaulichen. So bietet das Buch nach einem kurzen Überblick über das Betriebssystem UNIX eine Einführung in das Textsatzsystem LaTeX, das zur Erstellung naturwissenschaftlich-mathematischer Texte weit verbreitet ist. Im Anschluß daran werden mit Matlab und Maple zwei Programme vorgestellt, die einen Standard für numerisches und symbolisches Rechnen darstellen. Anhand typischer Beispiele wird gezeigt, wie sich mathematische Problemstellungen mit Hilfe dieser Systeme lösen lassen. Ausführliche Lösungen zu den meisten Übungen werden im Anhang bereitgestellt. Das Buch ist ab dem ersten Semester verwendbar, ist aber auch zum Selbststudium geeignet.
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Mathematical Modeling
Mathematical Modeling: Models, Analysis and Applications, Second Edition introduces models of both discrete and continuous systems. This book is aimed at newcomers who desires to learn mathematical modeling, especially students taking a first course in the subject. Beginning with the step-by-step guidance of model formulation, this book equips the reader about modeling with difference equations (discrete models), ODE’s, PDE’s, delay and stochastic differential equations (continuous models). This book provides interdisciplinary and integrative overview of mathematical modeling, making it a complete textbook for a wide audience. A unique feature of the book is the breadth of coverage of different examples on mathematical modelling, which include population models, economic models, arms race models, combat models, learning model, alcohol dynamics model, carbon dating, drug distribution models, mechanical oscillation models, epidemic models, tumor models, traffic flow models, crime flow models, spatial models, football team performance model, breathing model, two neuron system model, zombie model and model on love affairs. Common themes such as equilibrium points, stability, phase plane analysis, bifurcations, limit cycles, period doubling and chaos run through several chapters and their interpretations in the context of the model have been highlighted. In chapter 3, a section on estimation of system parameters with real life data for model validation has also been discussed. Features Covers discrete, continuous, spatial, delayed and stochastic models. Over 250 illustrations, 300 examples and exercises with complete solutions. Incorporates MATHEMATICA® and MATLAB®, each chapter contains Mathematica and Matlab codes used to display numerical results (available at CRC website). Separate sections for Projects. Several exercise problems can also be used for projects. Presents real life examples of discrete and continuous scenarios. The book is ideal for an introductory course for undergraduate and graduate students, engineers, applied mathematicians and researchers working in various areas of natural and applied sciences.
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