Oil Booms and Business Busts

Oil Booms and Business Busts looks at how government policymaking shapes a puzzling phenomenon in economic development—the "curse" of natural resources. It investigates how oil and mineral wealth shapes a government's policies toward the business environment, entrepreneurs, and innovative activities. Other similar work either ignores the role of government policymaking in oil wealth, treats it as another effect of the rentier state, or dismisses it asillogical and incoherent. One might expect that in light of such abundances governments would encourage entrepreneurship and new businesses to compete and grow in the market, but Nimah Mazaheri shows that resource wealth instead incentivizes policymakers to focus on satisfying the interests of existing elites.They, more than oil-poor nations, institute barriers that impede the activities of domestic firms and entrepreneurs, with the result being unimpressive economic performance over the past half-century. This is the first book to examine how oil wealth affects non-elite actors who own the small and medium-sized firms that absorb a majority of the economic and labor force of these countries. Looking at two of the most important oil-producing countries in the world, Iran and Saudi Arabia, the bookprovides an original theory about the factors that shape a logic of policymaking in oil producing states. To extend his theory Mazaheri also looks at India, which is one of the world's main coal producers. He does this to show the effects of the gain and loss of a massive resource windfall on statepolicymaking toward the private sector. Ultimately Mazaheri argues that such policymaking impedes the development of a middle class and therefore democratization—a factor that can have overarching political repercussions for governmental stability.

"Mazaheri demonstrates that resource windfalls - especially through oil production--not only enrich business elites but amplify their determination to block entrepreneurs and new businesses from enriching themselves. Simultaneously, they dampen policy makers' interest in reforms that might create a better business environment for small and medium enterprises. He offers a good theoretical argument for why this can be expected, grounded in solid empirical evidence." -- Middle East Quarterly"If a book can be timely in its subject matter, offer a new conceptual or theoretical approach, or be both an enjoyable and informative read, its author can rightfully claim an achievement. Mazaheri has ambitiously set out to deliver on all three of these: the conclusion one reaches is that it delivers on all of these in a very satisfying manner." --Middle East Journal

Nimah Mazaheri is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Tufts University.