Guilt by Association

Guilt by Association explores the creation, publication, and circulation of heresy catalogues by second- and early third-century Christians. Polemicists made use of these religious blacklists, which include the names of heretical teachers along with summaries of their unsavory doctrines and nefarious misdeeds, in order to discredit opponents and advocate their expulsion from the "authentic" Christianity community.The heresy catalogue proved to be an especially effective literary technology in struggles for religious authority and legitimacy because it not only recast rival teachers as menacing adversaries, but also reinforced such characterizations by organizing otherwise unaffiliated teachers into coherent intellectual, social, and scholastic communities that are established and sustained by demonic powers.This study focuses especially on the earliest Christian heresy catalogues, those found within the works of Justin, Irenaeus, Hegesippus, and the authors the Testimony of Truth and the Tripartite Tractate. By focusing upon the heresy catalogue, Guilt by Association not only accounts for the emergence of the Christian heresiological tradition; it also sheds new light upon the socio-rhetorical aims of the Pastoral Epistles, the circulation of early Christian literature,the emergence of a distinct Christian identity, and the origins of Gnosticism.

Geoffrey Smith has written a wonderful book - a fresh approach to oft-discussed subjects, integrating literary criticism, but also philological and sociological approaches. Smith brings new clarity to notoriously unclear matters, like the questions related to the lost 'Syntagama of all heresies' of Justin Martyr. For the first time the Nag Hammadi evidence is fully taken into consideration, allowing a new light to fall on the difficult questions how we can model Gnostic groups like the so called 'Valentinians.', This important book should be essential reading in research on pseudo-Pauline letters, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and Nag Hammadi writings, among others. It is a wonderfully fresh break-through on the development of heresy 'black-lists' even prior to Irenaeus, and one that challenges received wisdom about Irenaeus's own innovations. With Smith's remarkably economic analysis, some historically significant but famously inconvenient loose pieces in Irenaeus's use of the term 'gnostic' now fall into place., This excellent new study traces the origins of early Christian boundary drawing over against those considered 'heretics.' Smith breaks new ground in delineating what made Christian accounts of heresies, from pseudo-Pauline epistles to texts written in the fourth century, distinct from ancient inventories of varied opinions among the philosophers. Smith's argument that, in early Christian usage, 'school' belongs to the heresy-hunters' toolbox and thus does not say much about the opposed groups' social outlook is carefully crafted and merits serious attention. This book is a must for all those interested in ancient intellectuals, early Christian polemics and the roots of Christian identity formation.

Geoffrey Smith is Nease Fellow and Lecturer in the Department of Religious Studies at The University of Texas at Austin. He received a BA in Biblical Studies from Biola University in 2005, an MTS in Early Christianity from Harvard Divinity School in 2008, and PhD in Religions of Mediterranean Antiquity from Princeton University in 2013. His research interests include the apostle Paul, Gospels, New Testament textual criticism, papyrology andmanuscript studies, patristics, Valentinianism, and "orthodoxy" and "heresy" in early Christianity.