NATO Divided, NATO United

This history of NATO concentrates on the differences within the alliance, particularly between the US and its European partners. NATO's war against terrorism began on September 11, 2001. Invoking Article 5 was a fitting response to the assault on the United States, but the spirit did not last long. Within a few weeks, old fissures within the alliance re-emerged, threatening once again to dissolve an entity that had survived over half a century. In the first two generations of NATO's existence, the Cold War with the Soviet Union had been the major purpose of its existence. But since the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and of the Russian Empire itself, NATO has struggled to seek new raisons d'etre, and has succeeded to some degree in finding them in crisis management in Europe and in areas beyond the boundaries of the alliance.The absence of a traditional enemy to serve as a centripetal force, along with the recognition of the US as the lone superpower, has placed a focus on internal troubles of the alliance that had been obscured in the past by the presence of a common enemy. Too little attention has been paid to such West-West conflicts which arguably have been more frequent and more bitter, if not more dangerous, than the struggle with the Soviet Union. Differences among the allies began with the formation of the alliance itself. Some were resolved, others persisted. Many of them related to out of area issues in which the Soviet Union was not involved or only peripherally concerned. How the alliance managed the unequal relationship in the past may offer insights into the common ground the alliance partners can identify in the 21st century.

?[A] sure grasp of the history of NATO and especially of the forces that made it arguably the most succesful alliance ever created. His judgements are always fair and balanced, making the book a good counterpoint to the shrill and even hysterical claims about the alliance's failing health that are the province of so many other writers.?-Perspectives on Political Science, ?This is a timely and insightful book....[s]uccintly and chronologically presents key events in alliance history, with roughly decade-long periodization, from NATO's 1949 founding through its 2004 expansion to twenty-six nations....[t]his book is exceptional for its clarity, purpose, and scope. It is higly recommended to international scholars, diplomats, and military professionals.?-The Journal of Military History, "ÝA¨ sure grasp of the history of NATO and especially of the forces that made it arguably the most succesful alliance ever created. His judgements are always fair and balanced, making the book a good counterpoint to the shrill and even hysterical claims about the alliance's failing health that are the province of so many other writers."-Perspectives on Political Science, "This is a timely and insightful book....Ýs¨uccintly and chronologically presents key events in alliance history, with roughly decade-long periodization, from NATO's 1949 founding through its 2004 expansion to twenty-six nations....Ýt¨his book is exceptional for its clarity, purpose, and scope. It is higly recommended to international scholars, diplomats, and military professionals."-The Journal of Military History, "[A] sure grasp of the history of NATO and especially of the forces that made it arguably the most succesful alliance ever created. His judgements are always fair and balanced, making the book a good counterpoint to the shrill and even hysterical claims about the alliance's failing health that are the province of so many other writers."-Perspectives on Political Science

LAWRENCE S. KAPLAN is Emeritus University Professor of History and Director Emeritus of the Lyman L. Lemnitzer Center for NATO and European Union Studies at Kent State University. He is currently Adjunct Professor of History at Georgetown University.