Queers in State Socialism

This short collection of essays engages with queer lives and activism in 1970s Poland, illustrating discourses about queerness and a trajectory of the struggle for rights which clearly sets itself apart, and differs from a Western-based narrative of liberation.Contributors to this volume paint an uneven landscape of queer life in state-socialist Poland in the 1970s and early 1980s. They turn to oral history interviews and archival sources which include police files, personal letters, literature and criticism, writings by sexuality experts, and documentation of artistic practice. Unlike most of Europe, Poland did not penalize same-sex acts, although queer people were commonly treated with suspicion and vilified. But while many homosexual men and most lesbian women felt invisible and alone, some had the sense of belonging to a fledgling community. As they looked to the West, hoping for a sexual revolution that never quite arrived, they also preserved informal queer institutions dating back to the prewar years and used them to their advantage. Medical experts conversed with peers across the Iron Curtain but developed their own "socialist" methods and successfully prompted the state to recognize transgender rights, even as that state remained determined to watch and intimidate homosexual men. Literary critics, translators, and art historians began debating—and they debate still—how to read gestures defying gender and sexual norms: as an aspect of some global "gay" formation or as stemming from locally grounded queer traditions.Emphasizing the differences of Poland’s LGBT history from that of the "global" West while underscoring the existing lines of communication between queer subjects on either side of the Iron Curtain, this book will be of key interest to scholars and students in gender and sexuality studies, social history, and politics.

Tomasz Basiuk is Associate Professor at the University of Warsaw. He authored Exposures: American Gay Men’s Life Writing since Stonewall (2013), a monograph on the novelist William Gaddis (published in Polish in 2003); co-edited, with Dominika Ferens and Tomasz Sikora, three volumes of essays on queer studies: Odmiany odmieńca/A Queer Mixture (2002), Parametry pożądania (2006), and Out Here (2006); guest-edited a special journal issue on gender and sexuality (Dialogue and Universalism XX.5–6, 2010); and co-edited, with Krystyna Mazur and Sylwia Kuźma-Marowska, The American Uses of History. Essays on Public Memory (2011). He is the co-founder of the online queer studies journal InterAlia (since 2006), a former Fulbright visiting scholar at the CUNY Graduate Center, and a Research Fellow at Indiana University at Bloomington. Basiuk served as Principal Investigator in the HERA-funded "Cruising the 1970s. Unearthing Pre-HIV/AIDS Queer Sexual Cultures." Jędrzej Burszta holds a PhD in cultural studies from the SWPS University in Warsaw (2019). He is Affiliated Faculty Member at the American Studies Center, University of Warsaw. His research interests include ethnography, queer theory, American speculative fiction, and popular culture. In 2015, together with Zuzanna Grębecka, he authored an ethnography of personal memories of the Soviet Army stationing in Legnica during state socialism in Poland, entitled Mówiono "druga Moskwa." Wspomnienia legniczan o stacjonowaniu Armii Radzieckiej w latach 1945–1993 (They Called it "Little Moscow." Memories of Soviet Army Stationing in Legnica in the Years 1945–1933). He is also a novelist and writes for the theatre.