Trading Places

In Trading Places, Madeleine Dobie explores the place of the colonial world in the culture of the French Enlightenment. She shows that until a turning point in the late 1760s questions of colonization and slavery occupied a very marginal position in literature, philosophy, and material and visual culture. In an exploration of the causes and modalities of this silence, Dobie traces the displacement of colonial questions onto two more familiar—and less ethically challenging—aspects of Enlightenment thought: exoticization of the Orient and fascination with indigenous Amerindian cultures. Expanding the critical analysis of the cultural imprint of colonization to encompass commodities as well as texts, Dobie considers how tropical raw materials were integrated into French material culture. In an original exploration of the textile and furniture industries Dobie considers consumer goods both as sites of representation and as vestiges of the labor of the enslaved. Turning to the closing decades of the eighteenth century, Dobie considers how silence evolved into discourse. She argues that sustained examination of the colonial order was made possible by the rise of economic liberalism, which attacked the prevailing mercantilist doctrine and formulated new perspectives on agriculture, labor (including slavery), commerce, and global markets. Questioning recent accounts of late Enlightenment "anticolonialism," she shows that late eighteenth-century French philosophers opposed slavery while advocating the expansion of a "liberalized" colonial order. Innovative and interdisciplinary, Trading Places combines literary and historical analysis with new research into political economy and material culture.

"Trading Places is both hugely ambitious and carried off brilliantly. Madeleine Dobie shows how the theme of slavery is displaced into an Orientalist context and explains why Atlantic slavery was unrepresentable until the 1770s, when economic theories were developed to frame it in acceptable ways. By going beyond text and image to explore the material culture of textiles and furnishings, Dobie demonstrates that cultural studies can be both historical and humane."—Dena Goodman, University of Michigan, author of Becoming a Woman in the Age of Letters, "Trading Places deals with an epochal cultural repression—the absence, in the early period of French colonialism, of depictions of conquest and its consequences. Madeleine Dobie reads this absence through the contradictions, displacements, denegations, and maskings that surround its seeming silence. Trading Places restores a fundamental element to French literary history, and to the history of colonialism's economic and social effects and its material culture. It helps us to understand economic, geopolitical, and racial domination in a period when such domination suppressed its own representations. This is a pathbreaking book of literary, cultural, and historical analysis."—Richard Terdiman, University of California, Santa Cruz

Madeleine Dobie is Associate Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. She is the author of Foreign Bodies: Gender, Language and Culture in French Orientalism.